Roberts Ramsey notes that it is "probably from the same etymological source" as the bound noun for "person". 을/를 ( -eul/reul, direct object marker )įrom Middle Korean 이 ( i ), of variable pitch depending on the stem being attached to.It is the only contemporary dialect to preserve such an archaism. In the peripheral Yukjin dialect spoken in far northeastern Korea and neighboring parts of China, 이 remains the only nominative particle used. This is true for most Early Modern Korean texts up to the late nineteenth century. Historically, 이 was the only subject-marking particle in the Korean language, and was used for nouns ending in vowels as well. Synonyms: 가 ( -ga, for non-honorific nouns ending in vowels ), 께서 ( -kkeseo, for honorific nouns ) For non- honorific nouns ending in consonants, the nominative case particle marking it as the subject of a verb or adjective see also Usage Notes.Old Japanese い ( i, emphatic nominative particle ) is believed to be a borrowing from Korean into Japanese. John Whitman and Yuko Yanagida speculate an ultimate connection either to the demonstrative ("this") or to the bound noun ("person"). The forms with *-k are attested later than simple *-i. However, others have considered 弋只 ( *-ik )) to be a suffixed form of -i.
It is possible that these are the more conservative forms, and that there was a shift from 亦 ( *-yek? ) > 弋只 ( *-ik ) > 是 ( *-i ). Old Korean sources also use 亦 ( *-yek? ) and 弋只 ( *-ik ) as a subject marker. From Middle Korean 이〮 ( -í, subject marker ), from Old Korean 是, 利 ( *-i, subject marker ).
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